Laws

• The NET 911 Improvement Act of 2008. In this Act, the US Congress set forth the following:

  • VoIP providers shall have the duties as set forth by the FCC
  • VoIP proividers shall have the same rights to acquire 911 capabilities and interconnect with 911 infrastructure as a commercial mobile service
  • The FCC shall implement this act within 90 days
  • VoIP providers, that must provide 911 pursuant to FCC rules, shall register with the FCC
  • The FCC shall compile PSAP information in order to facilitate the work of VoIP providers
  • NTIA shall issue a report within 270 days on a national plan for migrating to a national IP-enabled emergency network
  • FCC Summary:
    • The NET 911 Act explicitly imposes on each IP-enabled voice service provider the obligation to provide 911 service and E911 service in accordance with Commission requirements. The NET 911 Act also grants each IP-enabled voice service provider rights with respect to "capabilities" to provide 911 and E911 services. Specifically, section 102 of the NET 911 Act adds a new section 6 to the Wireless 911 Act, which states in relevant part:

      (a) DUTIES.-It shall be the duty of each IP-enabled voice service provider to provide 9-1-1 service and enhanced 9-1-1 service to its subscribers in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Communications Commission, as in effect on the date of enactment of the New and Emerging Technologies 911 Improvement Act of 2008 and as such requirements may be modified by the Commission from time to time.

      (b) PARITY FOR IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE PROVIDERS.-An IP-enabled voice service provider that seeks capabilities to provide 9-1-1 and enhanced 9-1-1 service from an entity with ownership or control over such capabilities, to comply with its obligations under subsection (a), shall, for the exclusive purpose of complying with such obligations, have a right of access to such capabilities, including interconnection, to provide 9-1-1 and enhanced 9-1-1 service on the same rates, terms, and conditions that are provided to a provider of commercial mobile service . . . , subject to such regulations as the Commission prescribes under subsection (c).

      (c) REGULATIONS.-The Commission-

      (1) within 90 days after the date of enactment of the [NET 911 Act] shall issue regulations implementing such Act, including regulations that-

      (A) ensure that IP-enabled voice service providers have the ability to exercise their rights under subsection (b);

      (B) take into account any technical, network security, or information privacy requirements that are specific to IP-enabled voice services; and

      (C) provide, with respect to any capabilities that are not required to be made available to a commercial mobile service provider but that the Commission determines under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph or paragraph (2) are necessary for an IP-enabled voice service provider to comply with its obligations under subsection (a), that such capabilities shall be available at the same rates, terms, and conditions as would apply if such capabilities were made available to a commercial mobile service provider.

      (2) shall require IP-enabled voice service providers to which the regulations apply to register with the Commission and to establish a point of contact for public safety and government officials relative to 9-1-1 and enhanced 9-1-1 service and access . . . .

• The Wireless Public Safety Act of 1999.
• The ENHANCE 911 Act of 2004
• 47 CFR §§ 9.1-9.3

FCC Regulatory Proceedings

Legislation

• President Bush Signs Bipartisan VoIP/Public Safety Bill Into Law, Senate 7/24/2008
• 110th Cong
  
• S 428 IP-Enabled Voice Communications and Public Safety Act of 2007
  
• 109th Cong
• S 1063
• Committee Passes VoIP/Public Safety Bill with Stevens Provisions, Senate 4/27/2007
  

State 911 Suits

• Connecticut: Attorney General, DCP Sue Broadband Phone Company For Misrepresenting Its 9-1-1 Emergency Capabilities May 3, 2005
• Michigan: Cox Takes Action Against Vonage to Protect Internet Phone Customers April 29, 2005
• Texas: Attorney General Abbott Takes Legal Action To Protect Internet Phone Customers, Attorney General 3/22/2005
  • Texas Attorney General Resolves Lawsuit With Vonage, KCBD 1/3/2007
  • Vonage Settles Investigation Of 911 Services, North Country Gazette 1/3/2007
  • "Joyce John, who joined Attorney General Abbott today in his announcement, attempted in vain to reach 9-1-1 dispatchers in February as would-be burglars fired shots through her home and threatened her parents at gunpoint, eventually wounding them. When John hurriedly placed the call from an upstairs room, a voice recording informed her that no emergency access was available from that line. The burglars fled the scene before causing more harm, and the victims survived their injuries. The lawsuit, filed under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, requests injunctive measures to stop Vonage Holdings Corp. – a broadband phone company based in New Jersey – from misrepresenting the type of emergency telephone service it offers, and the fact that the “911 dialing” feature is not automatically included when a customer signs up for telephone service. The suit seeks $20,000 per violation. "
  • Texas AG Petition (Complaint)
    • See FTC Explanation of Clear and Conspicuous in online advertising
  • Texas Consumer Alert
  • 911voip.org " 911VoIP.org was formed by four Texas 9-1-1 agencies who recognized the importance of educating the public on the potential limitations of VoIP when making calls to 9-1-1."
  • Texas Sues Vonage After Crime Victim Unable to Call 911, Washington Post March 23, 2005
  • Emergency networks warn consumers about Internet phones, Standard Times March 15, 2005
  • Net Based 911 Fights Puts Lives online USA Today Feb. 28, 2005

Federal Activity

• Hearings
  • Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and the Future of 9-1-1 Services, Senate Commerce Committee (April 10, 2007)
• Forum
• Summit on Deployment and Operational Guidelines for Next Generation IP-Enabled 911 and Enhanced 911 (E911) Services
  • Wednesday, February 25, 2009, from 9:00 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. in the Commission Meeting Room (TW-C305). The New and Emerging Technologies 911 Improvement Act of 2008 (NET 911 Act) requires that the Commission work with public safety organizations, industry participants, and others to promote consistency in the deployment and operation of IP-enabled 911 and E911 services through development of standards concerning geographic coverage areas for Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs); PSAP certification and testing requirements; network diversity requirements for delivery of IP-enabled 911 and enhanced 911 calls; call-handling in the event of call overflow or network outages; validation procedures for processing location information; and the format for delivering address information to PSAPs
  • FCC ANNOUNCES SUMMIT ON DEPLOYMENT AND OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR NEXT GENERATION IP-ENABLED 911 AND E911 SERVICES.  News Release. News Media Contact: Robert Kenny 2668, email: robert.kenny   PSHSB
    < http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-288213A1.doc >
    < http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-288213A1.pdf >
    < http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-288213A1.txt >
• Hatfield Studies
  • 2006 Hatfield 911 Study (terminated)
    • Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and the Future of 9-1-1 Services, Senate Commerce Committee (April 10, 2007) (addressing FCC termination of Hatfield report, indicating that Senate may come up with funds to complete study - news reports indicate that Hatfield had almost completed the study and it would have only cost ~$1000 for him to complete the report).
    • House Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Telecom and the Internet, FCC Oversight Hearing (Mar 14, 2007) (Ch Martin's decision to terminate Dale Hatfields report was criticized)
    • Doyle Questions FCC Failure to Address e911 Deficiency, Rep Mike Doyle (Mar 14, 2007) (In 2004, the FCC asked Mr. Dale Hatfield, a respected expert in the field, to study the issue and report his findings to the Commission. Mr. Hatfield presented his tentative results to FCC staff on May 10, 2006. A few days later, he was contacted by Chairman Martin's personal wireless policy advisor and told to halt the study and turn in his hours for payment and premature termination of his contract).
    • House grills FCC chairman over Hatfield dismissal, FierceWireless (Mar 19, 2007)
    • FCC Cut Study Finding 911 Flaws, USAToday (March 2007) (Hatfield's report says the public never heard about his concerns because the FCC decided to terminate the study a few days later. His report, details of which were presented to FCC staff, was never finished or released.)
  • A Report on Technical and Operational Issues Impacting The Provision of Wireless Enhanced 911 Services Prepared for the Federal Communications Commission By Dale N. Hatfield Telecommunications Consultant PDF
    • "The purpose of this report is to convey the results of an independent inquiry into the technical and operational issues affecting the deployment of wireless Enhanced 911 (“E911”) services in the United States. The inquiry was carried out by the author on behalf of the Federal Communications Commission (“Commission”) over a six month period beginning on April 15, 2002."
• Papers
  • FCC Factsheet: VoIP and 911 Service, FCC 7/8/2005
  • NCS Technical Bulletin 05-01, VoIP/E911 for NS/EP (March 2005)
• FCC Announces Agenda For March 18, 2004 Solutions Summit on 911/E911 Issues Associated With Internet-based Communications Services., FCC 3/11/2004
• NENA VoIP/Packet Committee
• Nortel Networks Submits VoIP E9-1-1 Proposal to Industry Group, Nortel 4/2/2004
• REMARKS OF JONATHAN S. ADELSTEIN, COMMISSIONER, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, SOLUTIONS SUMMIT: 911/E911 ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNET-BASED COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, WASHINGTON, DC, MARCH 18, 2004. CMMR, FCC 3/23/2004
• Powell: VoIP needs 911, USA Today 2/24/2004
• Board worries that Internet telephones clash with 911 systems, DSL Reports 2/24/2004
• Dept of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administraiton, Next Generation 911
  • " The Nation's current 9-1-1 system is designed around telephone technology and cannot handle the text, data, images and video that are increasingly common in personal communications and critical to future transportation safety and mobility advances.The Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG 9-1-1) initiative will establish the foundation for public emergency communications services in a wireless mobile society. "
  • Publications and Presentations on Next Gen 911

NENA-VON Coalition Agreement: In December 2003, NENA, the VON Coalition and a number of major companies involved in providing voice-over-IP equipment or services agreed on a set of action items:

• For service to customers using phones that have the functionality and appearance of conventional telephones, 9-1-1 emergency services access will be provided (at least routing to a Public Safety Access Point (PSAP) 10-digit number) within a reasonable time (three to six months), and prior to that time inform customers of the lack of such access.
• When a communications provider begins selling in a particular area, it should discuss with the local PSAPs or their coordinator the approach to providing access. This obligation does not apply to any “roaming” by customers.
• Support for current NENA and industry work towards an interim solution that includes (a) delivery of 9-1-1 call through the existing 9-1-1 network, (b) providing callback number to the PSAP, and (c) in some cases, initial location information.
• Support for current NENA and industry work towards long-term solutions that include (a) delivery of 9-1-1 calls to the proper PSAP, (b) providing callback number/ recontact information to the PSAP, (c) providing location of caller; and (d) PSAPs having direct IP connectivity.
• Support for an administrative approach to maintaining funding of 9-1-1 resources at a level equivalent to those generated by current or evolving funding processes.
• Development of consumer education projects involving various industry participants and NENA public education committee members to create suggested materials so that consumers are fully aware of 9-1-1 capabilities and issues.

Source: Vermont Telecommunications Plan 2004 p 8-36

NENA VoIP Packet Committee

Papers

• Phil Weiser, Dale Hatfield and Brad Bernthal, The Future of 9-1-1: New Technologies and the Need for Reform , 6 J. on Telecomm. & High Tech. L. 213 (2008)
• Henning Schulzrinne and Knarig Arabshian, Providing Emergency Services in Internet Telephony, n.d
• i112 - Emergency Calls on the Internet, Austrian Regulatory Authority Oct. 2005 PDF Slides
• Security Threats and Requirements for Emergency Calling, ECRIT 7/26/2005
• Emergency Call Information in the Domain Name System, ECRIT 7/26/2005
• Requirements for Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies, ECRIT 7/26/2005
• Session Initiation Protocol Location Conveyance, ECRIT 7/26/2005
• An IRIS Schema for Emergency Service Contact URIs, ECRIT 7/26/2005
• VON Coalition, Answering the Call for 911 Emergency Services in an Internet World (Jan. 2005)
  • p. 8: With traditional E-9-1-1 service, a caller’s location information is retrieved from the ALI Database. However, with nomadic VoIP service, the street address is not available in the ALI Database. The NENA Migratory Team has agreed that I2 solutions will either add Location Information Server functions to the network, or alternately provide a geodetic location address to validate the location of the customer and forward legitimate ALI for a nomadic user.
• Presentation IETF 60: A Document Format for Expressing Privacy Preferences for Location Information PPT
• Raymond Gass, IP Telephony Support for Emergency Calling Service TIA TSB-146-A bulletin July 2004
• Intrado VoIP Public Policy Position Paper
  • VoIP: Evolution of the PSAP experience
  • VoIP 9-1-1 Frequently Asked Questions For Public Safety Answering Point Personnel
  • PSAP ALI Interface Issues: Next Generation Need, Intrado (May 2004). This is a simplified model. The complexities of E911, such as acquiring the location of an individual using a mobile phone, is not relevant for this paper.
  • VoIP Emergency Calling Services, Intrado (2003)
• Henning, Schulzrinne, I2 and I3 - a status summary, April 2004 PPT
• NENA Tampa 911 Carleton Smith Senior Systems Engineer Overview PDF slides
• Prof. Henning Schulzrinne, 911 services: wireline, wireless and VoIP FCC Solution Summit March 2004

• Projected VoIP Residential 911 Calls VoIP: Evolution of the PSAP Experience, Intrado Slide 9 (2004)
  • 2008: 10339
  • 2007: 6363
  • 2006: 3500
  • 2005: 1656
  • 2004: 370

Issues

• Location Information
  • Automatic Location Information (ALI)
  • Automatic Number Information (ANI)
  • Master street address guide
  • Accuracy of information in database
  • Universal format of data, XML
• PSAP
  • Access to PSAP
    • Connectivity between PSAP and CO - which may have low redundancy
    • Ability to reroute traffic from downed PSAP to online PSAP
• Geographic diversity for PSAPs
• Diversity of hardware and software within PSAP
• Migrating PSAP to NGN / IP
  • Decouple PSAP software applications from physical telecom infrastructure
    • network can change without impacting PSAP
• IP Enabled PSAP
  • Soft: Portable and distributed
  • Interact with multiple applications
    • Video for someone using sign language or to gain more info from the scene
    • Biometric data
• Funding / Cost Recovery
• Call overflow (more traffic than the PSAP can handle)
  • Excess calls may - get placed on hold - get busy signal - get rerouted to another PSAP
• 911
  • Marketing Representations of 911 capability
  • Consumer Expectations of 911 capability
  • Universal Number (ie address) for all applications
  • SMS 911 messages
  • ADA 911
  • Unviersal SMS or email emergency addresses

Timeline

• 2003 First VoIP 911 Product
• 1997 First Mobile E911 call
• 1972 First E911 System
• Feb. 16, 1968 First 911 call completed
• 1968 Bell Labs invests 911 [Photo of Early 1970s AT&T Phone Booth with 911] [NPR]
• 1967:
  • Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommends single number for emergency calls. [911 Disptach]
  • Task Force Report: Science and Technology A Report to The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice Prepared by The Institute for Defense Analyses ("Wherever practical a single number should be established") [911 Disptach]
• 1875: Alexander Graham Bell makes first telephone call - and first telephone call for help as he reportedly had spilled some battery acid on himself and needed Mr. Watson's assistance.

Terms

• Basic 911: 911 calls to PSAP. No caller location info
• E911: 911
  • forward to appropriate PSAP through use of selective router
  • ANI & ALI
• VoIP
  • I1: Basic 911 to PSAP
  • I2: E911
  • I3: E911 over IP

News & Blogs

• E911 Tax Money - When It's Not Going To Boots, It Just Goes, Techdirt 5/28/2009
• Learn from U.S., 911 expert says, Globe and Mail 1/7/2009
• IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NET 911 IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2008. ORDER, FCC 10/23/2008
• NYC's 911 system upgraded to accept photos, video, CNET 9/11/2008
• COMMENT AND REPLY COMMENT DATES ESTABLISHED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NET 911 ACT NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING. (DA No. 08-2018). (Dkt No 08-171). Comments Due: 09/09/2009. Reply Comments Due: 09/17/2009, FCC 9/2/2008
• Regulator blames Net phone provider in fatal 911 mix-up, Globe and Mail 7/31/2008
• NYC's 911 system upgraded to accept photos, video, CNET 9/11/2008
• Regulator blames Net phone provider in fatal 911 mix-up, Globe and Mail 7/31/2008
• U.S. Bill Grants VoIP Providers Full 911 Access, CircleID 6/20/2008
• VoIP providers to get full 911 access with bill's passage, Ars Technica 6/18/2008 (" the US Senate has passed legislation that requires 911 network operators to allow VoIP customers to get through, no matter what service they're calling from. ")
• 911 tragedy in Calgary reveals perils of VoIP, Globe and Mail 5/6/2008
• Calgarians rally around family that lost toddler after 911 mix-up, Globe and Mail 5/6/2008
• VoIP Blamed in Death of Canadian Child - Biggest VoIP fears have been realized, dslreports 5/6/2008
• VoIP Safety Increases with Passing of E911 Law - FCC no longer needs to check in with Congress to make similar changes, dslreports 3/3/2008
• VoIP and 911: Emergencies Lost in the Fog, Ecommerce Times 8/15/2007
• Metro East 911 Operator Helps Woman Nearly 7,000 Miles Away, KSDK 3/30/2007
• FCC cut study finding 911 flaws, USA Today 3/14/2007
• This is 911. Please upload your video, CNET 1/19/2007
• Vonage 911 Call Goes to Wrong County, WBAY 1/3/2007
• E911 plans fail to impress, Net Insider 4/24/2006
• Nearly 80 Percent of Vonage US Subscribers Now Have E911, TMCNet 4/18/2006
• Vonage Equips Over 40 New Counties with VoIP E911, TMCNet 2/28/2006
• Tech Company Makes Strides For First Responders And Callers .., all headline news 2/28/2006
• 911 dials IP technology, CNET 1/13/2006
• Deadline Passes for Internet Phone Service, Wash Post 11/29/2005
• The new regulatory capture, Susan Crawford 11/18/2005
• FCC Launches VoIP911 Website, Gov Tech 11/15/2005
• Regulatory thuggery, Susan Crawford 11/15/2005
• FCC Rules on VoIP Providers Not Compliant with e911 Nov. 28, TMCNet 11/8/2005
• FCC: No VoIP Service Cuts, Red Herring 11/8/2005
• FCC drops E911 cutoff date, CNET 11/8/2005
• US FCC says no cutoff for Internet phone customers, Express India 11/8/2005
• FCC Relents on e911-Related VoIP Service Cut-Offs, IP Democracy 11/8/2005
• Senate Puts FCC on Hold, Red Herring 11/4/2005
• Suit Filed To Stay FCC 911 Order, Telecomweb 11/4/2005
• Congress, VoIPs Move to Delay E911, Internet news 11/4/2005
• Alternate Senate bill eases up on Nomadic VoIP, ZDNet 10/28/2005
• Emergency Call Information in the Domain Name System, ECRIT 10/28/2005
• Emergency Services URI for the Session Initiation Protocol, ECRIT 10/28/2005
• An IRIS Schema for Emergency Service Contact URIs, ECRIT 10/28/2005
• Emergency Context Routing of Internet Technologies - Architecture Considerations, ECRIT 10/28/2005
• Location-to-URL Mapping Protocol (LUMP), ECRIT 10/28/2005
• Nuvio Files Request for Stay of FCC VoIP - E911 Order, Nuvio 10/24/2005
• VoIP, Inc. Launches Private Network VoIP 911 Service, Americas Network 10/14/2005
• AT&T solves VoIP's 911 issue, USA Today 10/11/2005
• Sprint Nextel seeks more time to find 911 callers, Wash Post 9/30/2005
• Fall VON 2005 Day 3 - Emergency Services, VoIP and ENUM 9/20/2005
• New Service Lets Wireless VoIP Providers Offer E911 Emergency Calls, AdvancedIPpipeline 9/19/2005
• VoIP, Inc. Launches Private Network VoIP 911 Service, Americas Network 9/12/2005
• FCC includes location-tracking in VoIP plan, addict3d 8/19/2005
• Proposed E911 Rules Threaten Privacy, Innovation, CDT 8/19/2005
• Early Adopters, Late Acknowledgers, Internet news 8/19/2005
• IP E911: Better Plan Than FCC's?, Internet news 8/19/2005
• Is the FCC's VoIP Proposal Violating Your Privacy?, Mobilemag 8/19/2005
• NENA requests routing administrator for E-911, RCR 8/19/2005
• Why E911 acknowledgement PITA factor will help Skype and other, ZDNet 8/19/2005
• FCC Extends VoIP E911 Deadline, Americas Network 8/30/2005
• AT&T Selects Intrado for VoIP E911 Support, Americas Network 7/29/2005
• FCC Creates VoIP E911 Task Force, Americas Network 7/29/2005
• Vonage Selects TCS for VoIP E9-1-1 Service, Americas Network 7/22/2005
• myPhonecompany Offers Enhanced 911 Services to VoIP Customers, Americas Network 7/19/2005
• Annapolis firm and Vonage seek to connect VoIP with 911, Baltimore Sun 7/19/2005
• Carriers Seek U.S. Mobile e911 Deadline Suspension, eweek 7/5/2005
• Level 3 Joins National Emergency Number Association, Americas Network 6/29/2005
• The Jurisdictional Swamp, Susan Crawford 6/15/2005
• The FCC's 911-4-VoIP Order, Revisited, AdvancedIPpipeline 6/14/2005
• Commfidential, Americas Network 6/14/2005
• Complexity and E911, Susan Crawford 6/14/2005
• ICANN bosses slam Net-phone regulation, CNET 4/19/2005
• Verizon service to offer VoIP-like features, NWFusion 4/19/2005
• The 120 Days of the FCC, VoIP and ENUM 6/7/2005
• My first 2c worth on the FCC 911 proposed rulemaking, VoIP and ENUM 6/7/2005
• Access to Emergency Services - problem solved?, VoIP and ENUM 6/3/2005
• NG911 Project Update, VoIP and ENUM 6/3/2005
• Skype: We're Not Responsible For 911 Services, AdvancedIPpipeline 6/3/2005
• E911 Ruling Uncovers Questions over VOIP's Classification, eweek 5/21/2005
• Congress Pushes 911 Mandate On VoIP, Americas Network 5/21/2005
• FCC Orders VoIP to Clean Up Its 911 Act, Americas Network 5/21/2005
• U.S. imposes 911 service deadline, Globe and Mail 5/21/2005
• Net phone 911 mandate may hit nomads hardest, CNET 5/21/2005
• The FCC, Episode III and Jeff Pulver, VoIP and ENUM 5/21/2005
• Commission Requires Interconnected VoIP Providers to Provide Enhanced 911 Service., FCC 5/21/2005
• Verizon To Offer 911 Connectivity to VoIP Providers, Americas Network 5/17/2005
• Packet8 E911 'Real' Emergency Service Available in Over 2,000 Rate Centers, Americas Network 5/17/2005
• Sources: FCC Will Force VOIP E911, Light Reading 5/17/2005
• 911 still can't pinpoint cell phone caller's location, Town Talk 5/17/2005
• E911/VoIP: Death of the Broadband Parasite in the USA?:, Pulver 5/17/2005
• VoIP Regulation?, VoIP and ENUM 5/17/2005
• An IRIS Schema for Emergency Service Contact URIs, ECRIT 5/17/2005
• Canada regulation-free for VoIP startups, CNET 5/13/2005
• Vonage To Make 911 An 'Opt-Out' Option, InternetWeek 5/13/2005
• Net-based telephones may lack 911 Callers must 'opt in' for emergency access, BangorDailyNews 5/10/2005
• Deadly delay on Vonage 911?, CNET 5/10/2005
• Vonage® Contracts With Verizon For Nomadic Voip E9-1-1 Service, Vonage 5/6/2005
• Attorney General, DCP Sue Broadband Phone Company For Misrepresenting Its 9-1-1 Emergency Capabilities, Conn 5/6/2005
• Qwest Statement on the FCC's Pending VoIP 911 Decision, TMC 5/6/2005
• 911 help may be on way for VoIP users, USAToday 5/6/2005
• BellSouth gives VoIP operators some 911 help, CNET 5/6/2005
• VoIP E911 problem solved End of September by definition, VoIP and ENUM 5/6/2005
• Sources: FCC Boss Proposes 911 for Internet Phones, eweek 5/6/2005
• Verizon To Provide Emergency 911 Services For Vonage Customers, Internet Week 5/6/2005
• New FCC Chair Wants to Set 911 Requirement for VoIP, Security Sales 5/3/2005
• State to Target Vonage 911 Services, Internetnews 5/3/2005
• Verizon Dials Up 911 VoIP Solution, InternetWeek 4/27/2005
• Biggest Bell to hand 911 access to VoIP operators, CNET 4/27/2005
• FCC Chief Wants 911 Service for Internet Phones, Reuters 4/27/2005
• Qwest gives Vonage the 911, CNET 4/22/2005
• VoIP callers lack 911 access, Telegraph 4/19/2005
• Gov wants 911 service for customers who use Internet phone providers, Sun Times 4/11/2005
• States gang up on Vonage, CNET 4/11/2005
• Attorney General Warns Consumers of Voice Over The Internet Technology Limitations, Michigan 4/8/2005
• CRTC demands VoIP providers offer 911 services, Pulver 4/5/2005
• SBC-Vonage 911 fight may go to Congress, Houston 4/1/2005
• SBC Nixes Notion of Vonage E-911 Trial, Ecom times 4/1/2005
• Vonage may route 911 call to Congress, FCC, CNET 4/1/2005
• Texas sues Vonage over 911 service, Standard 3/25/2005
• Vonage under fire over VoIP marketing, Globe and Mail 3/22/2005
• Texas sues Vonage over 911 problem, CNET 3/22/2005
• Attorney General files suit against Internet phone company, Bizjournals 3/22/2005
• Volo expands 911 VoIP service, Bizjournals 3/22/2005
• Texas Attorney General Abbott Takes Legal Action To Protect Internet Phone Customers, Attorney General 3/22/2005
• Man sentenced for WebTV (911) virus, Bizjournals 3/18/2005
• VoIP Poses Problems for Emergency Call Systems, CRM 3/9/2005
• Harris County wants internet phones to have enhanced 911ABC13 March 15
• 911 officials skittish about Internet phones, Daily News 3/4/2005
• Solutions Sought for VOIP 911, eweek 1/18/2005
• 911 VON Coalition White Paper, VON 1/14/2005
• 911 spreads over IP, fcw 12/3/2004
• Groups urge 911 improvements, FCW 11/19/2004
• This Is an Emergency 911 is a joke for VoIP customers. Slate Sept 2004
• Net phone company's answer to 911, CNET 6/1/2004
• Is VoIP Ready for Emergencies?, BWO 5/20/2004
• VoIP Players to Tackle 911, Internet News 3/18/2004
• Internet Phones, 911 Systems Could Clash, Mercury 2/18/2004
• Telecom changes imperil 911 response, Mercury 1/5/2004
• Public Safety and Internet Leaders Connect on 911, PRNewswire 12/2/200
• Net Insights: VoIP Trial By Fire, Network Magazine April 2002 (discussing role of VoIP during 911)