Cybertelecom Federal Internet Law & Policy An Educational Project

International: Africa

Africa

• J. Riley Allen , Rural Access to ICTs in Southern Africa, TPRC 9/13/03
• Kenny, C. 2000. “Expanding Internet Access to the Rural Poor in Africa.” Journal of Information Technology for Development 9 (2000) 25-31.
• Africa Internet Forum. 1999. Internet Economic Toolkit for African Policymakers. World Bank, Washington, DC.

• Africa, Offline: Waiting for the Web, NYT 7/24/2007
• At least eleven African countries now have Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), ITU 7/18/2007
• Africa's Internet Gap Getting Wider, eWeek 2/6/2007
• PanAfrica: Internet Connections Growing Fastest in Africa, AllAfrica 4/28/2006
• Africa calls for tech tax to fill digital divide, Register 3/15/2005
• African Leaders Back Tech Tax to Help Poor Nations, eweek 3/15/2005
• Africans meet in Ghana in February on UN information summit, UNDP 1/14/2005
• New Africa ICT Group Seeks to Forge Partnership, UNDP 12/14/2004
• Internet, Mobile Phones Taking Off in Africa -UN, Reuters 10/1/02
• Rise in dial-up subscribers in Africa, NUA 8/14/02

Cote D'lvoire

Year Regulator Established: 1995 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: Formal. | ISP Price Regulation: Yes. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)

Egypt

• Bill Woodcock, Overview of the Egyptian Internet Shutdown, Packet Clearing House (Feb. 2011)
• Egypt Cuts Off Most Internet and Cell Service, NYT 1/31/2011
• Larry Magid: Mubarak Can Cut the Net but Can't Stem Information Flow, Huff 1/31/2011
• The Role Of New And Old Media In Egypt, NPR 1/31/2011
• In a span of minutes, a country goes offline, Globe and Mail 1/31/2011
• Egyptians Connecting To The Internet Via Modem, Fax, Ham Radio, Huff 1/31/2011
• Anonymous Internet Users Help Egypt Communicate, Huff 1/31/2011
• Without Internet, Egyptians find new ways to get online, CW 1/31/2011
• Microsoft shifts some work out of Egypt, CW 1/31/2011
• Old tech aids Egyptian protests, BBC 1/31/2011
• Egypt's Only Internet Provider Still In Service, Huff 1/31/2011
• Egypt Leaves the Internet, Renesys 1/31/2011
• NYT interviews Egyptian blogger via Skype, Lost Remote 1/31/2011
• How Egypt Switched Off the Internet, Gigaom 1/31/2011
• Egypt's Internet Blocked - I Call on My Friend Tarek Kamel to Unblock It and Join His People, Circleid 1/31/2011
• Egyptian Government Shuts Down Most Internet and Cell Services, Circleid 1/31/2011
• The Internet Society on Egyptâ€Ts Internet shutdown, ISOC 1/31/2011
• How Egypt did (and your government could) shut down the Internet, Ars Technica 1/31/2011
• Al Jazeera English shines as communications cut in Egypt, Lost Remote 1/31/2011
• What should the U.S. learn from Egypt's use of the "Internet Kill Switch?", Center for Internet and Society 1/31/2011
• Maldives to Egypt: Can a Revolution be Censored?, Global Voices 1/31/2011
• Egypt: The World is Watching, Global Voices 1/31/2011
• Anonymous on TV, Al Jazeera reporters still tweeting, Lost Remote 1/31/2011
• Egypt Government Found 'Off' Switch For Internet, Huff 2/16/2011
• Report: Egypt Turned Off Net With a Switch, Not Phone Calls, Wired 2/11/2011
• Turns Out Egypt Did Have An Internet Kill Switch, Techdirt 2/11/2011
• Conflating DPI with Egypt to exploit a crisis, Digital Society 2/9/2011
• The economic impact of shutting down Internet and mobile phone services in Egypt, OECD 2/9/2011
• Hackers Attack Egyptian Government Sites, Huff 2/3/2011
• Hackers Shut Down Government Sites, NYT 2/3/2011
• Dilemma For U.S.: Does Net Freedom Trump Security?, NPR 2/3/2011
• Blocking Internet cost Egypt at least $90M, says OECD, CW 2/3/2011
• A Hole in the Internet, Renesys 2/3/2011
• Egypt Returns To The Internet, Renesys 2/3/2011
• Egypt back online, but some sites kept offline, Netcraft 2/3/2011
• Egyptian Internet Shutdown Fails, Businesses Devastated, Circleid 2/3/2011
• Egypt: Limited Internet is Unlimited Backwardness, Global Voices 8/18/2009
• Egypt bans free mobile net calls, BBC 3/24/2010
• Egypt - Imprisoned blogger no longer allowed out of his cell - 1.09.2008, RSF 9/2/2008
• Egypt - Two years for a blog : that's enough ! - 5.11.2008, RSF 11/5/2008
• Grad Student Uses Twitter To Get Released From Egyptian Prison, Techdirt 4/17/2008
• Egypt - Call for release of blogger held since 6 April protests - 19.05.2008, rsf 5/22/2008
• Egyptian Blogger Appeals Prison Sentence, Wash Post 3/1/2007
• Egyptians Flock to New Net Plan, Wired 6/26/0

Ethiopia

• Ethiopia plans to expand Web access, CNN 4/5/2005

Ghana

Year Regulator Established: 1996 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: Formal. | ISP Price Regulation: No. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)

Kenya

• Year Regulator Established: 1999 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: Formal. | ISP Price Regulation: No. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)
• Kenyan Internet Exchange
• Kenyan Internet Service / Information Providers
• Kenya Internet connectivity

Liberia

• Government controls stifling Internet revolution in Liberia, Nando 6/25/01

Libya

• Amount of Unsolicited Internet Traffic Reflecting Situation in Libya, Circleid 3/30/2011
• Libya - Journalists confined to their hotels, Internet disconnected, Reporters Without Borders 3/7/2011
• No Internet Traffic Detected Entering or Leaving Libyan Net Space, Circleid 3/7/2011
• What Libya Learned from Egypt, Renesys 3/7/2011
• Libyan rebels improve net access, BBC 3/2/2011
• Faster Forward: Libya shutdown raises questions about bit.ly, security of foreign domains, WAPO 2/25/2011
• Libya's Internet hit with severe disruptions, CNET 2/23/2011
• As violence escalates, Libya cuts off the Internet, CW 2/23/2011
• Libya Internet Shut Down, Huff 2/23/2011
• Libyan Disconnect, Renesys 2/23/2011

Malawi

Year Regulator Established: 1998 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: Formal. | ISP Price Regulation: Yes. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)

Morocco

• YouTube site 'blocked' in Morocco, BBC 5/30/2007

Year Regulator Established: 1998 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: n/a. | ISP Price Regulation: No. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)

Nigeria

See Nigerian Fraud

• Nigeria: Tinubu Opens Digital Village, AllAfrica 6/1/2004

South Africa

• Year Regulator Established: 2000 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: Formal. | ISP Price Regulation: No. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)
• South African Athorities Hate Digital Inclusion: Confiscate Equipment from Village Telco., Sascha 2/18/2009
• South Africa - Hunting Criminals in Cyberspace , Business Day 2/20/02

Saudi Arabia

• Saudis Crowdsourcing Internet Censorship, Techdirt 11/18/2008
• Saudi Arabia - Authorities asked to say why they have been holding blogger for past four months - 9.04.2008, Reporters Without Boarders 4/10/2008
• Saudi blogger freed, CNET 4/29/2008
• An Update: The Internet in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
• Documentation of Internet Filtering in Saudi Arabia, Harvard 7/17/02

Tanzania

Year Regulator Established: 1993 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: None. | ISP Price Regulation: Yes. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)

Tunisia

• Tunisia Arrests 20 for Browsing Islamist Web Sites, Reuters 2/19/03
• Tunisia's dissidents battle cyber-police, BBC 9/6/02

Uganda

Year Regulator Established: 1997 | Approval Required for ISP to Start Operations: n/a. | ISP Price Regulation: No. | Source: Scott Wallsten, Regulation and Internet Use in Developing Countries, Table 1 (Draft Dec. 2002)

• Uganda Farmers Get Internet Connection, UNDP 2/8/2005
• The impact of cybercafes on information services in Uganda, First Monday 4/9/03

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