Cybertelecom :: Backbones

Cybertelecom
Federal Internet Law & Policy
An Educational Project

Industry :: US National Backbones

Carrier	Network Map	Status / Monitoring NOC	History	Notices: Peering; OI; IPv6
360Net	Network Map 16,000 Route Miles	Denver	1987: Started 2000: Went Public, 2001: Filed bankruptcy 2002: Emerged from bankruptcy 2003: Acquired GT Canada; Dynegy; Touch America 2004: Aquired Corban Comm 2004: Sold GT Canada to Bell Canada
AboveNet	Map	Looking Glass	1999 Acquired by MFN 2003 MFN emerge from bankruptcy as Abovenet	Peering AUP IPv6 Enabled "Atlas 10" 2007 with 1.23%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
AGIS			1994 founded. 2000 acquired by Telia
Aleron			2000 Founded 2004 acquired by Cogent
Allegiance Communications			2002: Acquired Intermedia Communications pursuant to WCOM / Intermedia (Digex) merger DOJ consent decree 2003 Allegiance Filed for Bankruptcy [US Bankruptcy Court 2004] 2004: Acquired by XO
Allstream	Map		1999 Founded 2003 AT&T Canada rebranded Allstream 2004 acquired from Bell Canada by MTS
Akamai				CDN Peering Information
ANS			1990 originally formed as a non profit subcontractor in order to operate NSFNET network 1992 interconnects at CIX 1995 acquired by AOL 1998 sold by AOL to WCOM
AOL Data Transit Network	Network Map		1995 acquired ANS (see NSFNET) 2001 merger with TW Telecom 2009 TW Telecom spins off AOL (but I think the network stays with TW Telecom??)	Peering
ARPANET			1969 initiated service 1990 ARPANET decommissioned
AT&T	Interactive Map	Performance Internet Health Report	1998 acquired TCI; creates AT&T Broadband service 1999 acquired IBM Networks 1999 Identified as one of five major backbones [Cremer p 14 n 12] 2000 acquired CERFNET 2005 acquired by SBC and renamed AT&T 2006 acquired Bell South	Settlement-Free Peering Policy AT&T IP Backbone supports IPv6 Tier 1 per FCC [AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127] [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005] [Verizon / MCI Merger Order ¶ 116 2005] "Atlas 10" 2007 with 3.35%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
Bell Canada			2004: Aquired GT Canada from 360Net
BBN			1969 Builds IMPs for ARPANET 1974 Telenet founded 1979 Telenet acquired by GTE 1994 BBN Planet established 1997 acquired by GTE
Broadwing			1999 founded. 2007 acquired by Level3
BT Alliance	Map	IP Performance	1995 Awarded contract to build EuropaNet	Peering Information IPv6 Program
Cable & Wireless			1999 Launches service having acquired MCI's backbone - Identified as one of five major backbones 1999 [Cremer p 14 n 12] 2004 Acquired by Savvis
CAIS Internet			1993 Founded 2001 Rebranded Ardent 2002 Acquired by Beyond the Network
Century Link	Maps	Network Statistics Internet Health Report (Qwest, Savvis)	2009 acquired Embarq 2011 acquired Savvis, Qwest, changed name from CenturyTel to Century Link FCC Public Notice July 12, 2011 (SAVVIS) MO&O (Mar. 18, 2011) (Qwest)	Qwest Peering Policy Qwest Network Disclosures IPv6 Information Savvis and Qwest were considered Tier 1 backbones.
CERFNet	Map		1991 original member of CIX Acquired by AT&T
Cogent Communications	Map	Performance Looking Glass Network Status Internet Health Report	1999 Founded 2001 acquired Netrail 2002 acquired PSINet, Fibercity 2003 Acquired Fiber Network Solution 2004 acquired several companies	Peering Information Likely Tier 1 per FCC [AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127] [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005] [Verizon / MCI Merger Order ¶ 116 2005] "Atlas 10" 2007 with 2.77%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
Comcast	Map			Settlement Free Interconnection Policy
CRL			1993 Boardwatch Dir is noting as in service 2000 acquired by AppliedTheory (at this point lose track of network)
Deutsche Telekom
Digex			1991 Founded 1996 IPO 1997 acquired Intermedia Communications 2001 acquired by WCOM
Electric Lightwave	Map		1990 founded 2002 acquired by Citizens Communications 2006 acquired by Integra Telecom from Ctizens	IPv6 natively supported
ENRON			1998 First Point Communications becomes ENRON 2001 files for bankruptcy
Epoch			1994 founded 1995 acquired Planetcom 2002 acquired by Megapath
E.spire Communications / Xpedius			1993 E.Spire founded 1998 changed name from American Communications Services to E.Spire 2000 Sells dial up service to Earthlink 2001 E.Spire bankruptcy 2002 acquired by Xpedius 2003 acquired MPower 2005 acquired ICG 2006 acquired by TW Telecom
Excite@Home			@Home Founded 1995 1999 Merged with Excite 2001 Acquired by AT&T
Exodus			1994 Founded 2001 acquired by Cable & Wireless
Fiber Network Solutions			1994 Founded 2003 acquired by Cogent
Global Crossing			1997 founded 2002 filed bankruptcy 2011 acquired by Level3	"Atlas 10" 2007 with 4.55%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report Tier 1 per FCC [AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127] [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005] [Verizon / MCI Merger Order ¶ 116 2005]
Globalnaps	Map		1998 Founded 2001 acquired Servint's network
GTE Genuity			1979 acquired Telenet 1982 Telenet acquired by Sprint 1997 acquired BBN 1999 Identified as one of five major backbones [Cremer p 14 n 12] 2000 GTE and Verizon merge; Genuity backbone spun off merger condition 2003 Genuity acquired by Level3
Hurricane Electric	Map	Looking Glass	1994 Founded 2002 acquired Lightning Internet Services	Native IPv6 Peering Information
IBM			1987 awarded contract to construct NSFNET 1999 Backbone acquired by AT&T
ICCX / Rocky Mountain Internet / Dataexchange			1993 DataXchange founded 1994 RMI founded 1998 RMI acquired DataXchange 2000 acquired ICC, renamed ICCX 2001 bankruptcy
ICG Communications			Founded 1986 1997 aquires Netcom 1999 sells Netcom to Mindspring/Earthlink 2000 bankruptcy 2006 acquired by Level3
IDT / Winstar / Goodnet			2001 IDT acquires Winstar 2002 IDT acquires MFS from WCOM 2003 IDT makes failed offer for Global Crossing
InfoNet			1997 Founded 2005 Acquired by BT
Intermedia Communications			1987 Founded ~ 1997 Offered Internet services 2001 Merged with WCOM on condition that divest of Intermedia (WCOM would keep Digex) 2002 Intermedia acquired by Allegiance pursuant to WCOM merger conditions
Internet2 An academic backbone	Map	GlobalNOC Realtime Altas Network Status	1996 Founded 1999 Abilene backbone network operational [I2 Timeline] 2007 Merger discussions with National Lambda Rail fail [NLR]	Commercial Peering Service IPv6 Working Group
Level3	Map	Looking Glass Internet Health Report	1998 KDG renamed Level3 2003 Acquired Genuity 2005 acquired Wiltel 2006 acquired ICG 2007 acquired Broadwing 2011 acquired Global Crossing	IPv4 / IPv6 Dual Stack IP Traffic Exchange Policy "Atlas 10" 2007 with 5.77%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report Tier 1 per FCC [AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127] [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005] [Verizon / MCI Merger Order ¶ 116 2005]
Lightning Internet Services			1995 Founded 2002 acquired by Hurricane Electric
Limelight				CDN Limelight Networks Peering Information
MCI			1987 awarded contract to build NSFNET 1997 Market Share btw 5% - 15% [EU Commission § 104] 1999 as condition to MCI / WCOM merger, MCI backbone sold to Cable & Wireless	Tier 1 Backbone per [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005]
Megapath	Map		1999 Founded 2002 acquired Epoch 2006 merged with Netifice 2007 acquired DSL.net 2010 partnership with Speakeasy and Covad [Megapath PR]	Peering Policy
McLeod Communications			1991 founded 2002 bankruptcy 2005 bankruptcy 2007 acquired by Paetec
MultaCom			1997 Founded
National Lambda Rail Academic Network	Map	GlobalNOC Network Status	2003 Founded 2007 Merger discussions with Internet2 fail [NLR]	IPTransitNet
Netaxs Internet Services			Resolves to Paetec 2011
Netrail			1996 initiates backbone service 2001 acquired by Cogent
NSFNET			1986 NSFNET initiates 56 kbps backbone service to academic institutions 1988 NSFNET upgraded to 1 mbps (IBM and MCI win bids to build network, with strategy of learning this new technology) 1995 NSFNET terminated service after NSF privitized backbone services.
NTT Verio	Map	Internet Health Report	1996 Verio founded 2000 NTT acquired Verio	NTT Policies "Atlas 10" 2007 with 2.6%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
Neutral Tandem
One Call			Does not resolve 2011
Optigate			1998 founded 2004 Bankruptcy
PAETEC	Map		1998 founded 2007 acquired Mcleod
PSINet			1989 founded 1991 founding member of CIX 1991 acquired NYSERNET 1999 purchases naming rights to Baltimore football stadium [Balt Sun] 2001 files for bankruptcy 2002 acquired by Cogent
Qwest			1988 Founded as Souther Pacific Construction; laid fiber along its railroad routes 1997 IPO 1999 acquired US West (becoming a BOC) 2011 acquired by Century Link	Tier 1 per FCC [AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127] [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005] [Verizon / MCI Merger Order ¶ 116 2005] Qwest North American Peering Policy
Savvis			1995 Founded 2004 acquired Cable & Wireless 2011 acquired by Century Link	Tier 1 FCC [AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127] [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005] [Verizon / MCI Merger Order ¶ 116 2005] "Atlas 10" 2007 with 1.35%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
Servint			1997 Founded 2001 Bankruptcy. Sold network to Globalnaps
Sidera Networks / RCN / Globix	Map		1989 Globix founded as Bell Technlogy Group 1994 Globix starts offering service 1998 change name from Bell Technology Group to Globix 2002 Globix files bankruptcy 2007 Globix renamed NEON, acquired by RCN 2010 RCN renamed Sidera 2011 Sidera purchases naming rights to one of Washington Capitals practice rinks
Sprint	Map	Looking Glass Internet Health Report	1982 Sprint and GTE Telenet merge 1986 GTE Sprint merge with United Telecom to become US Sprint 1991 NSF contracts with Sprint to be intl connections manager for NSFNET 1992 Sprint interconnects at CIX 1994 Sprint receives NSF contract to build one of the original NAPs 1999 Identified as one of five major backbones [Cremer p 14 n 12] 2000 Sprint merger with MCI blocked	Sprint Policies Sprint IPv6 Support Tier 1 Per FCC [AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127] [SBC / AT&T Merger Order ¶ 115 2005] [Verizon / MCI Merger Order ¶ 116 2005] "Atlas 10" 2007 with 3.2%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
Tata Communications Tier 1	Map		2006 acquired Teleglobe (entrance into N American market?)	Native v6
Teleglobe			1996 opens transatlantic link 2000 acquired by Bell Canada 2002 Bell Canada terminates its relationship with Teleglobe 2006 aquired by Tata
TeliaSonera International Carrier			1998 enters US Market 2000 acquired AGIS 2001 acquired by Aleron	"Atlas 10" 2007 with 1.82%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
Time Warner Telecom		Looking Glass	2001 merge with AOL 2009 spin off AOL	Public Peering Policy IPv6 Solutions
UUNET			1987 founded 1991 founding memeber CIX 1996 acquired by MFS which was acquired by WCOM
Verizon	Map	Looking Glass Internet Health Report	2006 acquired WCOM	Policy for Settlement-Free Interconnection with Internet Networks IPv6 Capable Tier 1 according to FCC AT&T / Bell South Merger ¶ 127 "Atlas 10" 2007 with 2.24%. ATLAS Internet Observatory, 2009 Annual Report
WCOM			1992 acquired Advanced Communications 1993 acquired Metromedia Communications; Resurgens 1994 acquired IDB Communications 1995 acquired Williams Technology Groups 1996 acquired MFS and UUNET 1997 UUNET depeering; acquired Compuserve 1997 Market Share btw 35% - 45% [EU Commission § 104] 1998 acquired ANS from AOL 1999 Identified as one of five major backbones [Cremer p 14 n 12] 2001 acquired DIGEX 2004 emerges from bankruptcy rebranced as MCI 2006 acquired by Verizon
Williams			1985 Wiltel founded 1995 Williams sells Wiltel to WCOM 1998 Williams relaunches Williams Communications 2001 Williams spins off Williams Communications 2002 Bankruptcy; acquired by Leucadia 2005 acquired from Leucadia by Level3
XO	Map	XO Network Diagnostics Tools Internet Health Report	1994 Concentric operates its own network 2000 Concentric and Nextlink merge to form XO 2004 Acquired Allegiance Telecom (which had acquired Intermedia Communications in 2002)	Settlement Free Interconnection Policy IPv6 Ready

Other

France Telecom (Telegeography info)
Chunghwa Telecom
COLT Telecom
DACOM
Ebone
Embratel
Energis
France Telecom
Impsat
Internet Initiative Japan
Jippii
KPNQwest
Primus Telecommunications
Priority Telecom
Reach
Swisscom
Telecom Argentina
Telefónica Data
Telenor
Verestar

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